Dr. KONDOH Michio

• Title: Top-down effect and bottom-up effect shaping a community structure.
• Supervisors: Dr. M. Higashi and Dr. N. Yamamura

• Title: Male-female conflict in endosperm and its evolutionary resolution.
• Supervisor: Dr. M. Higashi

• Project: The theoretical study on the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up effects in controlling herbivore populations. This work is presented in 43th Annual Meeting of Ecological Society of Japan (March 1996, Tokyo).
• Supervisor: Dr. M. Higashi

• Ecological theory often predicts a negative effect of food-web complexity on population stability. Although this counterintuitive prediction has catalyzed many attempts to explain the maintenance mechanism of apparently complex food webs in nature, there are few studies that predict a positive effect. Using a dynamic model representing how population levels change over time, I have shown that in the presence of food-web flexibility arising from adaptive foraging behaviour an increase in complexity stabilizes population stability (Kondoh 2003 Science 299: 1388, Kondoh 2003 Science 301: 918c).

• Habitat fragmentation often result in outbreaks of herbivorous insects, which cause a massive loss of primary production. But, the mechanism has been unclear. I constructed a dynamics model of tri-trophic food chain with explicit space. With this model I presented a hypothesis that this is attributable to higher vulnerability of higher trophic levels to habitat losses arising in spatially structured populations (Kondoh 2003 JTB 225: 453).
  

• I developed a theory that unifies the previously presented two hypotheses as to biodiversity pattern, "intermediate disturbance hypothesis" and "humped back hypothesis" (Kondoh 2001 Proc Roy Soc B 268: 269).
• I have shown that a higher reproductive rate leads to higher vulnerability to enemy attacks in spatially structured populations. This gives a possible reasoning to the coexistence of multiple species (Kondoh 2003 Am Nat 161: 299).
• A herbivore feeding on nutrient-poor plants spends a longer juvinile stage and thus more vulnerable to natural enemies. This hypothesis is examined by a formal mathematical model (Kondoh & Williams 2001 Oikos 93: 161).

• I and Dr. Higashi presented a hypothesis of how a reproductive isolation mechanism arises as a result of an evolutionary resolution of intragenomic conflict (Kondoh & Higashi 2002 Am Nat 156: 511).
•  I and Dr. Okuda, using a mathematical optimization model, predicted a condition under which filial cannibalism is more likely to be observed (Kondoh & Okuda 2002 Anim Behav 63: 227).
  
•  Evolution of diverse breeding system in insects explained as a result of male-female coevolutionarily game (Ide & Kondoh 2000 Ecol Lett 3: 433, Kondoh & Ide 2003 Anim Behav 65: 1013).
  

1. A. Mougi and M. Kondoh (2012) Diversity of interaction types and ecological community stability. Science 337: 349-351.
2. T. Miki, M. Ushio, S. Fukui and M. Kondoh (2010) Functional diversity of microbial decomposers facilitates plant coexistence in a plant-microbe-soil feedback model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 14251-14256.
3. M. Kondoh (2008) Building trophic modules into a persistent food web. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, doi:10.1073/pnas.0805870105.
   
4. M. Kondoh (2003) Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability. Science 299: 1388-1391.
5. M. Kondoh (2001) Unifying the relationships of species richness to productivity and disturbance. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B 268: 269-271.

1. M. Kondoh (2012) Resilience and Stability. In: Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology (Eds. A. Hasting & L. Gross) University of California Press.
2. M. Kondoh (2005) Is biodiversity maintained by food-web complexity? -The adaptive food-web hypothesis. In: Aquatic Food Webs: an Ecosystem Approach (Eds. A. Belgrano, U. Scharler, J. Dunne & B. Ulanowicz) Oxford University Press.
3. M. Kondoh (2005) Linking flexible food-web structure to population stability: a theoretical consideration on adaptive food webs. In: Dynamic Food Webs: Multispecies assemblages, ecosystem development, and environmental change (Eds. P. C. de Ruiter, V. Wolters & J. C. Moore) Academic Press.
4. A. I. Dell, G. D. Kokkoris, C. Banasek-Richter, L. Bersier, J. A. Dunne, M. Kondoh, T. Romanuk and N. D. Martinez (2005) How do complex food webs persist in nature? In: Dynamic Food Webs: Multispecies assemblages, ecosystem development, and environmental change (Eds. P. C. de Ruiter, V. Wolters & J. C. Moore) Academic Press.
5. M. Kondoh (2006) Contact experience, alien-native interactions, and their community consequences: a theoretical consideration. In: Conceptual ecology and invasions biology: reciprocal approaches to nature (Eds. M. W. Cadotte, S. M. McMahon & T. Fukami) Academic Press.

• August 2004 The 8th Miyadi Awards (Japanese Society of Ecology)
• September 2009 The JSMB Young Scholar Award (Japanese Society of Mathematical Biology)
• July 2011 The Akira Okubo Prize (Society for Mathematical Biology & Japanese Society of Ecology)

• 2012-2013: Establishment of environmental DNA analysis-based approach to empirical community ecology (M. Kondoh), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research (no. 23657019)
• 2010-2012: Complex food web approach to the maintenance mechanism of ecological communities (M. Kondoh), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (no. 22370012)
• 2011-2013: Stable isotope indicators as a tool for evaluating functions of biodiversity (I. Tayasu), Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (D-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan
• 2008-2011: A trophic module-based approach to the maintenance mechanism of complex food webs (M. Kondoh), JST PREST 'Innovative Model of Biological Processes and its Development'
• 2008-2010: The adaptive evolution of contrasting leaf phenology among Daphne species and its implications on species' current invasive-extinction risks (T. T. Lei), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (no. 20380093)
• 2008-2011: Scaling-up effects of intra-specific phenotypic polymorphism on lake ecosystems : experimental approaches (N. Okuda), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (no. 20370009)
• 2007-2009: Adaptation-oriented view to food-web structure (M. Kondoh), MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B (no. 19770019)
• 2005-2006: Theory on the role of encounter experience in biological invasions (M. Kondoh), MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B (no. 17770022)
• 2004: Ryukoku University "Rikou Kikin" fund
• 2001-2003: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• 1996-2000: LASSO Scholarship

• Editor of "Nihon Seitai Gakkai Si (Japanese Journal of Ecological Society)" (2005-)
• Editor of News Letter of Japanese Society for Mathematical Biology (2004-)